Sesquiterpenes in Essential Oils

Hydrocarbons → Sesquiterpenes

Formula: C₁₅H₂₄

Ending: -ene

Unlike monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes consist of 15 carbon atoms, making them larger molecules that tend to react at a slower pace.

Physical and chemical properties:

1. Greater molecular weight than monoterpenes, so less volatile with higher boiling points;
2. Still prone to oxidation but more slowly by atmospheric oxygen;
3. Strong odours.

Therapeutic properties:

Physical effects: Unlike monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes are very gentle on the skin and are generally well-accepted! They offer mild anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving benefits. Additionally, they can assist with allergies: Non-specific histamine release, particularly during stressful times, often leads to itchy skin, irritation of mucous membranes, and a runny nose (rhinitis). Certain sesquiterpenes can help manage histamine release by stabilizing the membranes of mast cells. This action helps calm irritated and sensitive skin or mucous membranes. They also possess regenerative qualities, aiding in the repair processes of cells.

Psychic Effect: Oils rich in sesquiterpenes act as guides to help you connect with your inner self. They provide strength, confidence, and enhance your charisma, largely due to their pheromone-like qualities. Generally, sesquiterpenes have calming effects, easing anxiety and restlessness without the need for vaping. It's believed that they may boost the production of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), a key neurotransmitter in the brain that tends to decrease under stress and overstimulation, leading to feelings of anxiety and nervousness.

Additionally, sesquiterpenes help regulate the interaction of various signaling substances, allowing them to have a soothing, energizing, or uplifting effect based on your mood. Oils that contain sesquiterpenes are particularly effective for addressing psychosomatic issues.

Structure:

Sesquiterpenes are formed when three isoprene units come together, creating larger molecules that consist of 15 carbon atoms.

Exemples:

Acyclic: Farnesene
Monocyclic: Bisabolene, Elemene, Germacrene, Humulene
Bicyclic: Cadalene, Cadinene, Caryophyllene, Ermophilene, Eudesmene, Guaiene, Himachalene, Muurolene
Tricyclic: Aristolene, Aromadrendene, Bourbonene, Cedrene, Cubebene, Gurjunene, Longifolene, Viridiflorene
Tetracyclic : Longibornene
Aromatic: Calacorene, Cuparene, Guaiazulene, Laurene, Vetivazulene

Properties of Sesquiterpenes

Caryophyllene is often found in black pepper, cloves, and cinnamon. It has a spicy, peppery odor. Unlike many other terpenes, caryophyllene can interact directly with the body's endocannabinoid system. It may offer potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic benefits, and has been researched for its possible applications in treating anxiety and depression.

Humulene, also known as α-caryophyllene, is a terpene that has shown potential anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. It has an earthy, woody aroma.